How Are Nanodiamonds Used in the Medical Field?

Nanodiamonds are tiny, diamond-shaped particles that have been around for a while. But, their potential medical uses are just now being explored. Nanodiamonds have many unique properties that could make them very useful in the medical field, including their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and their anti-inflammatory properties. 

They could be used to treat a variety of conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Nanodiamonds are still in the early stages of research, but they hold promise as a new tool for treating a variety of medical conditions. 

In this blog, we will explore some such use cases of nanodiamonds in the medical field. But, before that, let’s understand the basic difference between diamonds and nanodiamonds.

Understanding the Difference Between Diamonds and Nanodiamonds

In simple terms, diamonds are a solid form of carbon, having atoms arranged in a crystal structure. They are known to have the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material. Diamonds are extensively used in jewelry making primarily due to the high refractive index that provides them a sparkling and shining effect.

Diamonds are formed naturally under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions under the earth’s surface. However, in recent years, diamonds are also created artificially inside a laboratory by mimicking the conditions that form natural diamonds.

Nanodiamonds, as the name suggests, are diamonds that are small in size. Diamonds having a size of less than one micrometer are called nanodiamonds. Nanodiamonds have shown huge potential in biological, electronic, and quantum engineering applications due to their low cost, high biocompatibility, and large-scale synthesis. 

Here, we explore the use of nanodiamonds in the medical field.

Nanodiamonds in the Medical Field

• In Vivo Imaging

Nanodiamonds have a wide range of potential applications in the medical field, one of which is in vivo imaging. In vivo means “in the living,” and so in vivo imaging refers to using nanodiamonds to image living cells or tissues. 

This is important because it allows doctors to see how cells are functioning in real-time, which can help with the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Nanodiamonds are particularly well-suited for this purpose because they are small enough to enter cells without causing damage. 

They are also fluorescent, meaning they emit light when exposed to certain wavelengths of light. This makes them perfect for use in microscopes and other imaging devices. 

In vivo imaging is still in the early stages of development, but it has great potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose and treat disease.

•  Disease Diagnosis

Various applications for nanodiamonds are still being explored, with new ones being discovered all the time. One such promising application of such diamonds is in the field of disease diagnosis. 

Nanodiamonds can be used to create “smart” devices that can target specific cells or proteins and deliver drugs or other therapeutic agents directly to them. This type of targeted delivery is much more efficient than traditional methods, and it minimizes the side effects of treatment.

Additionally, nanodiamonds can be used to create diagnostic devices that can detect the presence of specific diseases at an early stage. 

These devices work by binding to disease-causing agents and then emitting a signal that can be detected by medical professionals. Early detection is critical for many diseases, so this use case for nanodiamonds has great potential.

It could pave the way for the treatment of various currently incurable diseases. This could help save millions of lives each year.

• Drug Delivery

Nanodiamonds have a large surface area to volume ratio which gives them a large binding capacity for drugs. This property of nanodiamonds makes them ideal for targeted drug delivery. In addition, the fluorescence of nanodiamonds can be used for imaging and tracking purposes.

Nanodiamonds can be functionalized by targeting ligands such as antibodies or peptides to target specific cell types or tissues. Moreover, the surface of nanodiamonds can be modified with polymer brushes to control the release of drugs. 

This controllable release property of nanodiamonds makes them an attractive drug delivery platform. The use of nanodiamonds for drug delivery is still in its infancy but has great potential for development in the future.

• Biosensors

Biosensors are devices that use nanodiamonds to detect and measure biomolecules, such as proteins and DNA. They have a wide range of applications in the medical field, including diagnostics, drug development, and personalized medicine. 

In diagnostics, biosensors can be used to detect diseases at an early stage, before symptoms appear. This allows for earlier treatment and improved outcomes. In drug development, biosensors can be used to screen for new drugs and to monitor the effects of existing drugs on patients. 

In personalized medicine, biosensors can be used to tailor treatments to the individual needs of each patient. Nanodiamonds are uniquely suited to these applications due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio. This allows them to bind with biomolecules more effectively than other materials. 

In addition, nanodiamonds are highly biocompatible and can be safely injected into the body. As a result, they have great potential in the field of medicine.

• Tissue Engineering

Nanodiamonds have unique properties that make them ideal for use in tissue engineering applications. For example, they are biocompatible and non-toxic, making them safe for use in humans. 

Nanodiamonds also have a high surface area to volume ratio. This means they can be used to create scaffolds with a large surface area for cell attachment and growth. In addition, nanodiamonds are able to conduct heat, which is important for the regulation of cell metabolism.

Finally, nanodiamonds are luminescent, making them ideal for use in optical imaging applications. Together, these properties make nanodiamonds an attractive option for use in tissue engineering.

• Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cell therapy is the next big step in organ transplantation. It uses cells in place of organs, which are limited in supply to replace malfunctioning organs.

Nanodiamonds can be used to track stem cells as they don’t affect their normal biology. They can, thus, be used in the treatment of various vital organs like lungs, liver, heart, and kidney, among others.

It should, however, be noted that oxidized nanodiamonds have more potential to damage DNA as compared to raw nanodiamonds. Thus, further research is needed to ensure that nanodiamonds can be used safely, in any form, for stem cell therapy.

There are many other potential areas of applications being explored for using nanodiamonds in the medical field. As technology advances, we can see more significant and vast applications of nanodiamonds in the medical field.

Conclusion

Thus, we can see that the use of diamonds is not limited to jewelry making such as proposal rings, stud earrings, and diamond wedding bands. Rather, they can be used for bigger, more meaningful purposes in the medical field.

Nanodiamonds are a versatile material with many potential applications in the medical field. Each of these applications has great potential for development in the future. We just need to keep an eye out for the amazing things nanodiamonds has to offer!